The data also included insights into monthly paid hours, hourly average gross wages, and the annual average gross earnings.

According to the report, the monthly paid hours averaged at 201.3 hours, with male employees working 206.3 hours and female employees working 191 hours. The hourly average gross wages-salaries were 55.4 TRY in total, with male employees earning 54.4 TRY and female employees earning 57.4 TRY in 2022.

Breaking down the monthly average gross wage-salaries in 2022, the total figure was 11,143 TRY, with male employees receiving 11,233 TRY and female employees receiving 10,961 TRY. The overall monthly average gross earnings, inclusive of all categories, was 12,450 TRY, with male employees earning 12,487 TRY and female employees earning 12,376 TRY.

In terms of annual averages, the report stated that the annual average gross earnings in 2022 were 144,390 TRY. Male employees earned 147,446 TRY, and female employees earned 138,366 TRY on an annual basis.

The report highlighted a correlation between educational attainment and earnings, with the group having higher education achieving the highest annual average gross earnings. Employees with higher education earned 207,112 TRY for males and 171,568 TRY for females.

When exploring earnings by economic activity, the financial and insurance activities sector showed the highest annual average gross earnings at 293,511 TRY, followed by the information and communication sector and arts, entertainment, and recreation sector. The lowest earnings were observed in the accommodation and food service activities sector.

The results also indicated a gender pay gap (GPG) in favor of male employees across all levels of education. The GPG was 19.6% for high school graduates and 14.5% for primary school graduates and below. It ranged from 4.2% in managers to 22.8% in craft and related trades workers.

The report serves as a comprehensive overview of the earnings landscape in Turkey, shedding light on various factors influencing compensation levels and gender disparities in the workforce. (ILKHA)