"Over 1.1 billion people are now at risk, with children under five being particularly vulnerable. This resurgence is attributed to a dangerous combination of factors, including climate change, inadequate investment in water, sanitation, and hygiene services (WASH), and, in some cases, armed conflicts," the report said.

To address this global emergency, UNICEF has established the Global Cholera Emergency Cell. The Cell is responsible for coordinating UNICEF's response, collaborating with partners, and offering technical support to affected countries.

In 2022, 30 countries experienced cholera outbreaks, which is a staggering 145 percent increase compared to the previous five-year average. Countries such as Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic reported cases of cholera for the first time in decades, while others like Haiti witnessed a resurgence after a three-year absence of reported cases.

As of May 2023, at least 24 countries are still reporting cholera cases, and outbreaks are spreading across borders, particularly in East and Southern Africa. Additionally, there are 22 more countries at risk of declaring cholera outbreaks.

The current global situation regarding cholera is unparalleled due to the size of the outbreaks, their widespread geographic impact, and the unusually high case fatality ratio. Outbreaks in Malawi and Nigeria have had case fatality rates as high as 3 percent, surpassing the acceptable threshold of 1 percent. Given that most cholera deaths are preventable, mortality rates above 1 percent typically indicate issues with the quality, accessibility, and timeliness of treatment. (ILKHA)