Stoltenberg pointed out that the current situation is highly challenging, with Russia disregarding or violating numerous international arms control agreements that have previously helped maintain global safety.

He also noted that China is rapidly expanding its nuclear arsenal with limited transparency, while Iranian and North Korean nuclear programs and delivery systems pose additional threats. New technologies like Artificial Intelligence and autonomous systems are also creating new challenges.

To address these challenges, the Secretary General emphasized the need to strengthen existing arms control regimes such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions, while also engaging with countries in the global south.

Looking towards the future, he called for a new approach to handle the rapid spread of disruptive technologies and emphasized the importance of a shared, universal standard for their responsible use. He also highlighted the importance of engaging with China, and the role NATO plays in consulting with allies on arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation.

The NATO conference, which brings together over 150 participants from about 50 countries, is being held in the United States for the first time this year in Washington D.C.

Stoltenberg addressed the opening session alongside Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman and Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs Bonnie Jenkins. (ILKHA)