The ratio of employment creation by employer enterprises births increased to 4.9% from 4.6%.

The highest birth rate in employer enterprises was in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector as 30.8%, for 2018. This sector was followed by manufacturing at 13.2% and transportation and storage at 12.7%, respectively.

According to their legal status, the highest rate among employer enterprises born in 2018 was sole proprietorships with 70.3%. The rate of employment creation by this legal status was also the highest, at 51.8%.

The death rate of employer enterprises for the year 2016 was 11.5%

While the ratio of employer enterprises' deaths to all employer enterprises increased to 11.5% from 10.9%, the ratio of employment destruction by employer enterprises' deaths increased to 3.8% from 3.4%.

The highest death rate in employer enterprises was in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles sector as 32.2% for 2016. This sector was followed by manufacturing at 14.8% and accommodation and food service activities at 10.8%.

According to their legal status, the highest rate among employer enterprises death in 2016 was sole proprietorships with 74.7%. The rate of employment destruction by this legal status was also the highest at 62.3%.

One year survival rate of employer enterprises newly born in 2017 was 82.1%

According to their legal status, employer enterprises newly born in 2017 and having survived to 2018, sole proprietorships had the highest rate with 69.9%. The rate of employment creation by this legal status among others was also the highest at 55.3%.

The rate of sole proprietorships owned by women was 19.3% in 2018

The rate of sole proprietorship enterprises owned by women had an upward movement over the years. In terms of size classes, the rate of sole proprietorships owned by women was the highest at 1-4 number of employee.

The share of employed as employer in total employment was realized as 4.5% in 2018

According to the Labour Force Survey results, the proportion of female employed as employers realized as 8.7% with 0.1 percentage point increase compared with the previous year in Turkey.

In non-agricultural sectors, distribution of employed as employer in terms of age groups was the highest in 35-44 age group as 36.2%.

By educational status, working in non-agricultural sectors as an employer; 28.2% was graduated from primary school, 15.2% was graduated from primary education, secondary and vocational school, 15.2% was graduated from high school and 29.3% was graduated from higher education.

Compared with previous year, while the share of primary school graduates decreased by 0.1 percentage point in non-agricultural sectors, the share of higher education graduates increased by 0.8 percentage point. (ILKHA)