The treaty, originally signed by the leaders of both nations in Pyongyang on June 19, was ratified by Russia's State Duma on October 24 and received the Federation Council’s final approval on November 6.

The treaty, aimed at fostering deeper cooperation, aligns with both countries' interests in promoting regional and global peace, security, and stability. It outlines commitments to mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, non-interference in domestic affairs, and equality, reflecting principles of international law for friendly cooperation among nations.

A key provision of the treaty includes mutual defense, stipulating that Russia and the DPRK will provide immediate military assistance to one another if either faces an armed attack, as recognized under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.

The treaty will officially take effect once ratification documents are exchanged between the two nations. (ILKHA)