This growth was primarily driven by robust domestic demand, particularly in the financial and insurance sectors (9.0%) and construction (7.8%).

Household spending played a significant role in propelling the Turkish economy forward in 2023. Final consumption expenditures of resident households surged by 12.8% compared to the previous year. This increase suggests a rise in consumer confidence and spending, potentially fueled by factors such as rising wages or increased access to credit.

While the overall growth picture appears positive, a closer look at individual sectors reveals a mixed bag. The financial and insurance sector emerged as the clear leader, registering an impressive 9.0% growth. This robust performance can be attributed to factors such as continued low interest rates and government initiatives aimed at boosting financial inclusion. The construction sector also displayed solid growth of 7.8%, potentially indicating ongoing investments in infrastructure and real estate development.

However, not all sectors fared as well. The agriculture sector experienced a concerning 0.2% decline, raising questions about potential challenges like droughts or disruptions in global food supply chains. This decline could have implications for food security and rural livelihoods in Türkiye.

The report also highlights a potential concern for the Turkish economy: a widening trade deficit. While exports of goods and services decreased by 2.7% in 2023, imports increased by 11.7%. This trend could put pressure on the Turkish lira and contribute to potential inflationary pressures.

Another noteworthy aspect of the report is the significant increase in compensation of employees, which rose by 116.0% in 2023. While this might seem positive on the surface, it is crucial to consider the context of high inflation in Türkiye. This raises concerns about whether the wage increases are keeping pace with rising living costs and ensuring real improvements in purchasing power for Turkish workers.

The Turkish economy's 2023 performance presents a mixed picture. While domestic demand and certain sectors like finance and construction displayed positive growth, concerns remain regarding the decline in agriculture, the widening trade deficit, and the real impact of rising employee compensation in the face of inflation. As Türkiye navigates these challenges, it will be crucial to address these concerns and implement policies that foster sustainable and inclusive economic growth. (ILKHA)