According to survey results, the share of the top quintile by the equivalised household disposable income was 46.7% recording a decrease of 0.8 points whilst the share of the bottom quintile was 6.1% with an increase of 0.2 points in comparison with the previous year.
Gini coefficient was 0.401
Gini coefficient one of the measures of income inequality varies between 0, which reflects complete equality and 1, which indicates complete inequality. According to 2021 results, Gini coefficient was estimated at 0.401 with a decrease of 0.009 points compared with the previous year. S80/S20 ratio calculated as the ratio of total income received by the richest 20% of the population to that received by the poorest 20% of the population decreased from 8.0 to 7.6, while the S90/S10 ratio, which is calculated as the ratio of total income received by the richest 10% of the population to that received by the poorest 10% of the population decreased from 14.6 to 13.7.
Mean annual household disposable income was 76 thousand 733 TL
The mean annual household disposable income was 76 thousand 733 TL in 2021 with an increase of 10.6% compared to previous year in Türkiye.
Mean annual equivalised household disposable income was 37 thousand 400 TL
In Türkiye, the mean annual equivalised household disposable income increased by 11.9% compared to the previous year from 33 thousand 428 TL to 37 thousand 400 TL.
One person households had the highest mean annual equivalised household disposable income
According to the household type, the highest mean annual equivalised household disposable income observed among the one person households with 49 thousand 297 TL with an increase of 6 thousand 585 TL compared to previous year. The mean annual equivalised household disposable income of the multi-person no-family households 41 thousand 753 TL while this income of the one-family households was 38 thousand 159 TL. The household type with the lowest mean annual equivalised disposable income was extended-family households with 29 thousand 445 TL.
Wages and salaries held the highest proportion of total income with 47.1%
The ratio of wage and salaries got the highest rate with 47.1% of total equivalised household disposable income without change compared with the previous year. This was followed by social transfers 23.9% with an increase 2.1 points and the entrepreneurial incomes 17.5% with a decrease compared to 2020.
The share of agricultural income in the entrepreneurial income was realized as 23.4% by increasing 2.5 points compared to 2020. Pensions and survivors' benefits composed 90.0% of social transfers with a decrease of 1.7 points compared to previous year.
Higher education graduates had the highest mean annual income at main job with 68 thousand 229 TL
Mean annual income at main job was calculated as 68 thousand 229 TL for higher education graduates, 47 thousand 326 TL for high or equivalent school graduates, 35 thousand 344 TL for those with less than high school education 25 thousand 911 TL for those who do not graduate from a school and 19 thousand 835 TL for illiterate individuals. In 2021, compared to 2020, the highest increase in income at main job was observed in the illiterate individuals with 18.2% and the lowest increase was in the less than high school graduates with 7.6%.
Agricultural sector held the highest increase of total income with 29.2%
When the mean annual income at main job are analyzed in branch of economic activity; it was observed that the highest mean annual income was in the service sector with 51 thousand 173 TL and the lowest mean annual income was in the agricultural sector with 32 thousand 635 TL. Compared to the previous year; the highest increase in mean annual income was observed in the agriculture sector with 29.2%, followed by the service sector with 11.2%. On the other hand, an increase of 6.1% was observed in the industrial sector and 4.7% in the construction sector.
Employers had the highest mean annual income at main job with 136 thousand 280 TL
Mean annual income at main job was 136 thousand 280 TL for employers, 46 thousand 846 TL for regular employees, 37 thousand 871 TL for self employed workers and 18 thousand 006 TL for casual employees. Compared to the previous year, the highest increase was in self employed with 14.0% and the lowest increase was in casual employed workers with 2.4%.
Relative poverty rate was 14.4%
be the poor in a relative meaning. The at-risk-of-poverty-rate according to poverty threshold set at 50% of median equivalised household disposable income was 14.4% with a decrease of 0.6 points compared to 2020. As for the at-risk-of-poverty-rate according to poverty threshold set at 60% of median equivalised household disposable income, it was 21.3% with a decrease of 0.6 points in comparison with the previous year.
The at-risk-of-poverty-rate according to the poverty threshold set at 40% of median equivalised household disposable income was 8.5% with a decrease of 0.4 points compared to the previous year and poverty threshold set at 70% of median equivalised household disposable income was 28.7% with a decrease of 0.3 points.
One person households had the lowest poverty rate
Considering poverty rates according to poverty threshold set at 50% of median equivalised household disposable income in terms of household types, at-risk-of-poverty-rate of one person households was 6.5% with a decrease of 4.4 points, multi-person no-family households was 9.1% with a decrease of 0.4 points, extended family households was 18.5% with a decrease of 0.1 points and one-family households was 14.2% with a decrease of 0.3 points compared to the previous year.
24.1% of illiterates and 2.5% of higher education graduates were poor
In terms of the at-risk-of-poverty-rate according to poverty threshold set at 50% of median equivalised household disposable income, 24.1% of illiterates and 24.4% of literates with no degree were poor. The figures for less than high school and high school graduates were 13.8% and 7.5% respectively. Higher education graduates were the group with the lowest poverty rate with 2.5%.
Severe material deprivation rate was 27.2%
Material deprivation reflects to perception of households about inability to pay unexpected financial expenses, one week's annual holiday away from home, mortgage or rent payments, a meal with meat, chicken, fish every second day and heating home adequately warm and the ownership of a washing machine, a color TV, a telephone and a car.
The severe material deprivation rate defined as the rate of people faced with the enforced inability to afford at least four of the above-mentioned items decreased from 27.4% in 2020 to 27.2% in 2021.
Persistent at-risk-of-poverty-rate was 13.8%
The persistent at-risk-of-poverty rate shows the percentage of the population living in households where the equivalised disposable income was below the at-risk-of-poverty threshold set at 60% of median equivalised household income for the current year and for at least two out of the preceding three years. In 2021 the persistent at-risk-of-poverty-rate was 13.8% with an increase of 0.1 point in comparison with the previous year.
The share of people living in their own dwellings was 57.5%
In 2021, the proportion of the population living in their own dwellings decreased by 0.3 point compared to the previous year. It was calculated as 57.5% while the share of those living in rented house was 26.8%, the share of those living in lodging was 1.2% and the share of those who did not pay rent despite not living in their own dwellings was 14.6%.
Inability of heating due to isolation was the most common housing and environmental problem
According to the 2021 results, 34.3% of the non-institutional population had heating problem due to isolation. This ratio was calculated 33.9% for population faced with problems in their dwellings such as leaking roof, damp walls/floors/foundation, rot in window frames/floors and 23.4% for population had pollution, grime due to traffic/industry or other environmental problems.
The percentage of people having installments or loans was 63.7%
63.7% of the population had installments or loans (other than mortgage and housing cost), 5.4 points more than previous year. While these payments did not burden at all to 6.6% of the population, it was a heavy burden to 23.0%. 60.8% of the households reported that they cannot afford paying for one week annual holiday away from home, 38.3% of them cannot afford a meal with meat, chicken or fish every second day, 33.4% of them cannot afford unexpected financial expenses, 20.5% of them cannot afford keeping home adequately warm and 62.9% of them cannot afford replacing worn furniture. (ILKHA)